assuming your textbox is named txt_SerialNum, and the command button is named cmd_CheckSerialNum, then the code might look like:
Private Sub cmd_CheckSerialNum_Click
if isnull(DLOOKUP("Serial Num", "tblDestroyed", "[Serial Num] = '" & me.txt_SerialNum & "'")) = False then
msgbox "This is a damaged part!"
End if
End Sub