Under what circumstances will the code in the Module be called?
One different approach is to instead iterate over the MdiChildren() property of your Main form and find the instance of Form1 that way:
Public Sub ChangeBackColor()
For Each child As Form In Main.MdiChildren
If TypeOf child Is Form1 Then
Dim f1 As Form1 = CType(child, Form1)
f1.Button1.BackColor = Color.RoyalBlue
End If
Next
End Sub
It looks like you already have a reference to your instance of Form1 via your "frm1" variable (probably at class level in Main?). You could pass that into ChangeBackColor():
Public Sub ChangeBackColor(ByVal f1 As Form1)
f1.Button1.BackColor = Color.RoyalBlue
End Sub
From within Main, you would do:
ChangeBackColor(frm1)