Sorry for misunderstanding. Of course I have choosen "farm" installation (even for the first time, I have written it wrong), so the SQL embeded did not install, and then the option "create new server farm", and then configured the database (sharepoint_config).
So the reason, why I got the error after my first try of installing SP2010, stays unknown..
Now everything works fine. I have reinstalled the operating system, installed SQL 2k8 (mistake), then upgraded to SQL 28k R2, then installed SP2010, created DB, assigned user and ran SP administration center and.. it works.
strange, strange and once more strange :(
any way, thanks for your interest and comments.