This seems to me like you have either a broken boot or mbr. Go to the recovery console and type:
fixboot
fixmbr
It might be worth a shot. Something you can also try:
Download the manufacturer's integrity check tool and run a scan on the hard drive. Mount it as a slave, if you have to. Your hard drive could have malfunctioned beyond repair.
It could also be an $MFT issue. If you have a corrupt MFT, then only a format will get it working. Try a chkdsk on it first, though.