It sounds like you've made a 'destructive' edit. Image changes can be reset if your image is camera raw. If it's psd or jpg then you're done, that won't be fixed by CS5 or CS10;
AFAIK, CS5 does not improve the editing functionality of 16-bit images. 16-bit images have always had limitations, and still do. That said, you should take 3 bracketed exposures and combine that into a HDR 32-bit image, which eventually gets knocked down to 8 bits for printing or advanced editing.
HTH