David,
Actually it's the other way :)
Real means without cpi - in the example I gave I kept costs flat real 2009 levels
Nominal means with cpi (ie inflated)
I have updated the exampe to make the year layout, and labelling clearer
Thats the vanilla example, where real numbers are escalated into nominal using cpi
It is also possible for costs to increase above cpi, ie increase in real costs plus inflation
An example is where labour is in short supply, real costs may increase over time (so total costs increase above the cpi rate)
I have added this example to the file
Cheers
Dave