After some careful looking, I was able to find the small handful of offending characters in the document and delete them (some bullet point characters and a faux-checkmark). I was able to verify by testing, as well as by inspection of the Document Properties that the fonts were no longer referenced in the document. I hadn't started with this approach because some of the material I read when I first started researching this problem (and before I posted here) led me to believe that the font references were more strongly embedded and that strictly deleting characters would not be sufficient.
Thanks to @joewinograd and @Jabos for their suggestions.