seting labels to ext2/ext3/ext4 is easy:
e2label /dev/xxx TheNewShiningLabel
Regarding LVM you need to open the device with:
vgscan
vgimport <VolumeGroupname> (VolumeGroupname from previous...)
after that you should have your lvm volumes in /dev/mapper/<whatever their name is>
When specifying UUID= or LABEL= there should be NO " on those lines.